Get Off My Lawn -- the Best Grass for Low-Water Conditions

Choosing the right type of grass for low water conditions is essential for maintaining a healthy, sustainable lawn or landscape, especially in regions prone to drought or where water conservation is a priority. The best grasses for low water conditions typically fall into two categories: warm-season grasses and cool-season grasses. Below, we’ll explore options from both categories, as they have different growth habits and are suitable for different climates.

Warm-Season Grasses

Warm-season grasses thrive in hot climates and have a high tolerance for drought conditions. They grow actively in the summer and go dormant in cooler temperatures.

  1. Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)

    • Pros: Extremely drought-tolerant, withstands heavy use, and recovers quickly from damage.

    • Cons: Can become invasive, requires regular mowing.

    • Ideal Regions: Southern U.S., subtropical and tropical climates.

  2. Zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.)

    • Pros: Very drought-tolerant, dense growth that crowds out weeds, low water needs.

    • Cons: Slow to establish and grow, can be thatch-prone.

    • Ideal Regions: Transition zones, Southeast and Southwest U.S.

  3. Buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides)

    • Pros: Extremely low water requirements, native to North America, and low maintenance.

    • Cons: Less tolerant of high foot traffic, slower establishment.

    • Ideal Regions: Central and Great Plains U.S.

  4. St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum)

    • Pros: Good drought resistance, tolerant of shade, and salt-tolerant.

    • Cons: Thatch-prone and higher maintenance.

    • Ideal Regions: Coastal areas, Southern U.S., and areas with hot, humid climates.

  5. Centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides)

    • Pros: Low maintenance, good drought tolerance, and prefers acidic soils.

    • Cons: Slow to establish, sensitive to high foot traffic.

    • Ideal Regions: Southeast U.S., particularly in sandy, acidic soils.

Cool-Season Grasses

Cool-season grasses are better suited for cooler climates and have some tolerance to drought, especially with proper management. They grow actively in spring and fall and may go dormant in extreme heat or cold.

  1. Fine Fescues (Festuca spp.)

    • Pros: Excellent drought tolerance, low water needs, good shade tolerance.

    • Cons: Can be less tolerant of heavy foot traffic.

    • Ideal Regions: Northern U.S., cooler and shady areas.

  2. Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)

    • Pros: Deep-rooted and drought-resistant, good for high-traffic areas.

    • Cons: Can require more water than warm-season grasses but less than other cool-season grasses.

    • Ideal Regions: Transition zones and Northern U.S.

  3. Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne)

    • Pros: Moderate drought tolerance, fast germination, and establishment.

    • Cons: Not as drought-resistant as fine fescues or tall fescue.

    • Ideal Regions: Northern U.S., areas with mild summers.

Considerations for Choosing Grass Types

  1. Climate and Soil: Match the grass type to the local climate and soil conditions for optimal growth and water use efficiency.

  2. Water Availability: Choose grasses with low water requirements if water conservation is a priority.

  3. Maintenance: Consider the level of maintenance you are willing to provide (mowing, fertilization, etc.).

  4. Usage: Determine the expected traffic on the lawn to ensure the chosen grass can withstand the wear.

Practical Tips for Low Water Landscaping

  • Xeriscaping: Incorporate drought-tolerant plants and landscaping techniques that reduce the need for irrigation.

  • Proper Irrigation: Use efficient irrigation systems like drip or soaker hoses and water early in the morning to minimize evaporation.

  • Soil Management: Improve soil health with organic matter to enhance water retention and root growth.

  • Mulching: Use mulch around plants to retain moisture and reduce evaporation.

Conclusion

For low water conditions, warm-season grasses like Bermudagrass, Zoysiagrass, and Buffalograss are generally superior in hot climates, while Fine Fescues and Tall Fescue are excellent choices in cooler regions. Selecting the right grass type based on your specific environmental conditions and water availability will ensure a resilient and sustainable landscape.

Further Reading

  • University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources - Low Water Use Turfgrasses

  • American Society of Landscape Architects - Drought Tolerant Landscaping

These sources provide additional insights and detailed information on drought-tolerant grasses and landscaping practices.